2nd Week : An introduction to ID Models

For the second week of the lecture, we discussed about the instructional design models.  Instructional Design is the branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies.There are a lot of existing models that have been developed such as;

• ADDIE
• ASSURE
• Dick and Carey
• Hanafin and Peck
• Rapid Prototyping
• Waterfall

The ADDIE Instructional Design Model

What is Instructional Design?

Instructional design is “the systematic and reflective process of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials, activities, information resources, and evaluation” (Smith and Ragan, 1999, p. 2). 

5 Steps in the ADDIE Design Model

1. Analysis 

•  During analysis, the designer identifies the learning problem, the goals and objectives, the audience’s needs, existing knowledge, and any other relevant characteristics. Analysis also considers the learning environment, any constraints, the delivery options, and the timeline for the project. 

2. Design 

• A systematic process of specifying learning objectives. Detailed storyboards and prototypes are often made, and the look and feel, graphic design, user-interface and content is determined here. 

3. Development 

• The actual creation (production) of the content and learning materials based on the Design phase. 

4. Implementation 

• During implementation, the plan is put into action and a procedure for training the learner and teacher is developed. Materials are delivered or distributed to the student group. After delivery, the effectiveness of the training materials is evaluated. 

5. Evaluation 

• This phase consists of (1) formative and (2) summative evaluation. Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process. Summative evaluation consists of tests designed for criterion-related referenced items and providing opportunities for feedback from the users. Revisions are made as necessary. 

NOTE: Rapid prototyping (continual feedback) has sometimes been cited as as a way to improve the generic ADDIE model.

The Courseware Design Cycle based on ADDIE Model